Abstract
This research was aimed to determine the effect of teacher’s time management’s on student’s academics performances, to assess the effects of the short range planning, long range planning, and time attitudes, and to categorize the relationship between short ranges planning, long range planning, time attitudes and efficiency and effectiveness on the basis of the findings propose some possible solutions and recommendations for the problem in academic performance among secondary school students in Jalingo Education zone. The study was conducted using descriptive study design. The total sample size of the study was 180 respondents. After the representative sample size is determined using a simplified formula provided by Yamane (1967). To this effect, the methodology focuses on primary and secondary data. The researcher used two sources: Primary data sources were questionnaires containing close ended items and open-ended and with designed questionnaires address the intended assessment questions and assessments objectives terms and interview questions. And also secondary source of data to study data gathered from published and unpublished materials regarding earlier graduates of the school. For convenience sake, the researcher summarizes the findings into three core aspects that are, Firstly, descriptive statistics in the form of means and standard deviations for the respondents were computed with multiple dimensions that have been assessed through the questionnaires in tables, Secondly, correlation between time managements and academic performance with Pearson’s correlation matrix obtained for the five interval scale variables results as shown we can seen short range , time management, long range and efficiency and effectiveness are significantly positively related to academic is correlated. Thirdly, the regression between time managements and academic performance with each independent variable is also regressed aligned with academic performance and the result shows that all the independent variables can explained in the dependent variable i.e. academic performance. The generally conclusions are student’s shows the way to score of academic performance achievement as concluded that students who scored reduced in academic achievement gained significantly lower in time- management and students who are able to manage time well may be protects at risk for underachievement. Lastly, based on the abovementioned findings, possible recommendations were also forwarded to the concerned bodies i.e. Secondary school should organized strategic theme and assuring academic excellence to optimize its capacity to improved time management and in final, the respondents how to manage time and decrease anxiety to improve their academic performance.
Key words: Academic performance, efficiency &effectiveness, long range, short rang and time attitudes
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The chapter defines relevant concepts in the study; background of study, statement of the problem, objectives of study, delimitations of the study, limitation of study, significance of the study, and organization of study, and scope of the study, operational definition of terms, description of study area, organization of the thesis.
1.1 Background of the Study
Today’s in the context contemporary world, time is seen as an indefinitely distinguishable and functional commodity. It helps to introduce the concept of time through the institution. All the material and human resources possessed by organizations can be enhanced in the course of time or be transformed as time goes on, yet the only asset that cannot be changed purchase or stored is time itself. The secret to achieving success in life is effectively managing this resource that everyone possesses equally and paying sufficient emphasis to planning .Though effective and efficient use of time varies with respect to the tasks performed the further increase in the level of knowledge and skills expected from modern employees has further increased the necessity of time planning. The road to success in social life passes through effective and efficient working which is only possible using time management. The competitive environment we live in today encourages people from as early as their elementary education to plan and manage time effectively. The high performance required by competitive conditions forces organizations and directors to use time effectively and stipulates the search to control time (Alay &Koçak, 2003).One popular definition states that time management involves determining one’s needs setting goals to meet needs and prioritizing and planning to meet goals (Lakein, 1973).Years later, a similar definition of teacher’s time management surfaced with goal setting the mechanism of teacher’s time management and organization again noted as key components (Macan, Shahani, Dipboye, &Phillips, 1990).
In the context of developing African countries where students have a lot of issues during academic journey have a new story for the researcher to dig out much more interesting results. Time management practices have an impact on the results of students as experimental studies done by past researchers. In spite of knowing about the factors that disturbing of time on academic performance achievement, this relationship is not given importance by the students .At higher education level the study schedule must properly planned, implemented and controlled for better results. Emphasizing time also helps to develop cost effective educational policies by the authorities especially at higher education level (programme, 2000)Kaushar, 2013). Ongoing problem of lack of knowledge in connection with time management and academic outputs is due to lack of acceptance and of costly ways of collecting data.
The Ethiopian government strives to expand education; it also faces the challenge of ensuring quality in student’s academic performance. The first one could be considered more objective, because it refers to numerical scores of a pupil’s knowledge, which measure the degree of pupil’s adaptation to school work and to the educational system. The second group is a more subjective one; assist determination of academic success is reliant upon the student’s attitudes towards his academic achievement and himself, as well as by the attitudes of significant others. There are a numbers of interrelated factors or challenges which are affect students time management practice like, careless to manage time effectively, lack of awardees, administration systems, peer pressure, expends much time by playing deferent game without time planning, student wastes their time pool house and they wants spend much by enjoying with their friends and other are challenges or factors which affect student time management practice on the students of collage of business and economics school on secondary school studentd regular program in Secondary school.
1.2 Statement of the problem
In this time, globalization and technological uprising, education is considered as a first step for every human activity. It plays a vital role in the development of human capital and is linked with an individual’s well-being and opportunities for better living (Battle & Lewis, 2002). It ensures the acquisition of knowledge and skills that en able individual to increase their productivity and improve their quality of life.
Time management plays a main role in improving student’s academic performance. Each and every student should have time management capacity which includes setting goals & giving priorities, using time management systems and being organized in using time. Some observed problems in certain areas in the academic activities of students may be obligated their causes largely to time management. This is when the students do not manage their time properly. They may not come or may delay in coming to higher education. There may be delay of time to do assignment and reading for tests and examination. They may be facing interruptions during the teachings hours like receiving lengthy calls, pinging, and social networks and combine with friends. This has some influences some areas of academic activities especially in the academic performance. The study on factors contributing to the students’ academic performance at Secondary school in Jalingo Education zone was designed to improve the academic performance of secondary school student students. There are four surfaces of teacher’s time management behaviors: short-range planning, long- range planning, time attitudes and efficiencies and effectives (Laurie &Hellsten, 2002). Short-range planning is the capability to set out and systematize responsibilities in the short period of time.
Long-range planning competence is to handle everyday jobs over a longer time perspective by keeping follow of significant dates and setting objectives by putting interruption (Alay &Koçak, 2003).Answer revealed that age, parents/guardians, social economic status and daily study hours significantly contributed to the academic performance of graduate students. On the other hand, a lack of correspondence on the academic performance of the students was discerned when grouped according to the medium of school (Laurien, 2002)guidance trend, and daily study hours (Shoukat, et al., 2013).Time attitudes are outlook of teacher’s time management demands a key shift in importance focus on results, not on being busy. There are a lot of cases with people who waste their lives in dirty doings and attain very small since they are placing their labors into the incorrect responsibilities or weakening to focus their activity successfully, established that time management workings directly affect the collective academic achievements (Mercanlioglu, 2010).According to Hoenach (1982), “faculty, students, and other participants in higher education make choices that determine whether those resources was be used efficiently or inefficiently” (Hoenach 1982).
Academic performance, which is stemmed from student’s learning, is best explained in Bandura’s Social Learning Theory. It presents the interrelationship of observation and modeling of behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others in the learning process of an individual learner. The theory posited that human behavior is learned observationally through modeling from observing others one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed and on later occasions this hinted information serves as a guide for action (Bandura, 1986).The new education and training policy applied in Ethiopia in recent years have to a greater or smaller degree addressed a number of issues of which the introduction of standardized students’ academic performance is one. Concerning this point, there seems a gap between what have to be and what exists in reality to bring in the proposed outcomes of the students academic performance achievement that could be because of different challenges. The effect of student's academic performance can be investigated in terms of many factors of which some of them are social Medias, carelessness, and peer pressures, lakes of awardees, environmental factors, and administration systems, teachers’ competency and principal’s leadership. For this reason, this study was examining the effect students’ academic performance in Jalingo Education zone.
Above all, the researcher has observed or asked through informal communication students of Business and Economics School at Secondary school they have challenges or factors which affect students’ time management as above mentioned. And also students intentional wastes their too much attending social media and others are challenges which affect students time management on the Jalingo Education zone secondary school students students regular program in Secondary school. Through attractive relation the over challenges of teacher’s time management observed the researcher forced to conduct a study on the effects of teacher’s time management of student’s academic performance in the (Algaradawi, 2003).
1.3 Research Questions
1. How to assess the effects of the long time planning on students’ academic performances in Jalingo Education zone students?
2. How to examine the role of efficiency and effectiveness use of time for academic performance in Jalingo Education zone students?
3. How to decide the time attitude on student’s academic performance in Jalingo Education zone student’s in Jalingo Education zone?
4. How do you categorized the relationship between short ranges planning, long range planning, time attitudes and efficiency and effectiveness with academic performance among secondary school students in Jalingo Education zone students in Taraba state?
1.4 Objectives of the study
1.4.1 General objective of the study
The general objective of the study is to examine the effects of teacher’s time managements on student’s academic performance in Business and Economics School at Secondary school.
1.4.2 Specific Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the effects of the long time planning on students’ academic performances in Jalingo Education zone.
2. To examine the role of efficiency and effectiveness use of time for academic performance in Jalingo Education zone.
3. To decide the time attitude on student’s academic performance in Secondary school.
4. To categorize the relationship between short ranges planning, long range planning, time attitudes and efficiency and effectiveness with academic performance among secondary school students in Jalingo Education zone.
1.4.3 Research hypothesis testing
After careful concern of all independent variables and the dependent variable study the following hypotheses are developed and tested by using multiple linear regression models.
H1: There is a significant relationship between short range planning and academic performance. H2: There is a significant relationship between time attitudes and academic performance.
H3: There is a significant relationship between long range planning and academic performance.
H4: There is a significant relationship between efficiencies and effectiveness and academic performance.
1.5 Significance of the study
The findings obtain from this study may be of great usefulness to the secondary school, in the preparation of various academic performance achievement and strategies of teaching and learning activities and some recommendations may be useful in improving performance achievement.
To the secondary school, school dean, administrators and teachers the research findings are useful for them since they provide highlight on what the factors are effect of academics performance and also the findings of this research are also useful to individuals, learners, researchers, and in various organizations and institutions, since it provides information on what are the possible factors which effect for academic performance of secondary school and give out recommendations for the said problem. And enable them to make adjustments on their areas of weakness and strength. Finally, this study will be used as a reference material for those individuals who want to conduct a future research in the area.
1.6 Scope and delimitations of the Study
The scope of the study area was limited to at Secondary school, more specifically, to business and Economics School in effect of teacher’s time management on student academic performance. In terms of geography, the study was carrying in the Hosanna town and its catchment areas with in a radius of 7km. The study focused on analyzing the effect of teacher’s time management on student academic performance at Secondary school in business and Economics school. Hence, the whole project work was focus on effect of teacher’s time management. The study was also limited to four key independent variables discussed under conceptual framework. Other variables that might affect the performance were out of the scope of this study. The sample was limited to in FBE school respondents. The collected data was also shortened by itself for being of cross-sectional data. Due to this reason, the study conducted only on in this 2012 year of collage of business and Economics on regular program students at Secondary school.
1.7 Limitation of the study
The study was face with some challenges during data collection where some target respondents were not willing to give the required information. The researcher however work at winning the confidence of those who were involve in the research by explaining to them the purpose of the research and assured them of confidentiality. Limited time also pose a challenge to completed the investigations and scared funds to cover all the costs. The researcher also encountered logistical and financial challenges; particularly because the target population was scattered and final exam day on different days. Some respondent’s been unable to read and write and answered the questionnaires. To mitigate these challenges, the researcher engaged and trained the research assistants to help in data collection. Data was collected from FBE School during their exam days at Secondary school. The researcher obtained the exam schedules from the departments officers.
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