Abstract
Many of us still think of the world vis-à-vis parts: different countries and peoples. However, the different parts of the world are now intermeshed across spatial and temporal trajectories into a synchronic order; a whole which has many commonalities and connections that cut across political borders, national identities and cultural differences. Little wonder the world is now called a “global village” because of the interconnectedness of economic, technological, religious, communications and transportation, military and political activities among people of the distinct states and societies on earth. Therefore, it is the purpose of this paper to investigate the impacts of globalization on the military aspect of Nigeria’s foreign policy tool. The study’s design is descriptive and it undertakes a content analysis of secondary data sources. Likewise, the study adopts the Behavioralist theory. The paper argues that the success achieved by implementing a carefully planned policy, hence, depends on the skillful utilization of tactical instruments, tools and globalization has great impacts on the shaping and usage of these tools for the formulation of well-grounded foreign policies in a rapidly changing world of complex interconnectedness.
Keywords: Globalization, foreign policy, foreign policy instruments.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
Rourke (2009) was precise in noting that when Rudyard Kipling predicted in 1889 that “East is East and West is West and never the twain shall meet”, he would not have foreseen the degree to which globalization would prove him wrong. Just like Kipling, many of us still think of the world vis-à-vis parts: different countries and peoples. However, the different parts of the world are now intermeshed across spatial and temporal trajectories into a synchronic order; a whole which has many commonalities and connections that cut across political borders, national identities and cultural differences. Little wonder the world is now called a “global village” because of the interconnectedness of economic, technological, religious, communications and transportation, military and political activities among people of the distinct states and societies on earth.
Globalization which spawned a new international system is not a novelty. It must be noted that the Westphalia Treaty of 1648 presented an era of sovereign nation-states interactions. The purpose and logic of the interactions among states have increased and are gaining grounds; every state, no matter how small, endowed or powerful must relate with other states. These transborder links of interdependence have cracked the capability of states to pursue security, economic and political goals via the traditional uses of power and in the course of these rapports, state set foreign policies, principles objectives vis-à-vis national interest, that guide their interaction with their external environment. The success achieved by implementing a carefully planned policy, hence, depends on the skillful utilization of tactical instruments, tools and globalization has great impacts on the shaping and usage of these tools for the formulation of well-grounded foreign policies in a rapidly changing world of complex interconnectedness.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Since the last two decades, globalization has taken center stage to become one of the greatest themes in foreign policy. Nations are constantly impacted by the increasingly evolving nature of global events. Global events transcend borders to the point that an issue happening in nations thousands of miles away may have direct impacts on the security, peace, development, lifestyle or health of other nations within or outside the continental location of the issue. These affect States’ international relations and reduces their capability to pursue strict military or economic policies without recourse to the wellbeing of others – state and non-state actors. Generally, scholars of globalization differ on what areas of social life is most impacted by globalization. Over the years, a lot of emphases have been placed on the economy, communications technology and the spread of cultures with the relegated importance of globalization’s impact on politics. More so, there exists in globalization literature arguments on the declining relevance of territorial boundaries. They is the belief that globalization blurs the distinctions between the domestic and the foreign or what scholars like Hill (2003) call the ‘inside’ and ‘outside.’ This notwithstanding, the question then is: when this distinction is blur, how can we determine what is foreign in foreign policy?
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Imperatively, this essay is geared at explicating on the impacts of globalization on the military aspect of Nigeria’s foreign policy tool. More specifically, it serves:
i. To identify the meanings of foreign policy and globalization;
ii. To determine the multidimensional nature of globalization;
iii. To identify the distinct foreign policy tools as used by states; and
iv. To discover the effects and consequences of globalization for the nation-state system.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study is significant in various ways. It will provide valuable insights in the effects and impact of globalization on Nigeria foreign policy. Also, in view of the fact that globalization is an inevitable phenomenon of human history, it will reinforce the need for the relations between Nigeria and other countries to effectively manage globalization to maximize the benefits and minimize the costs.
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