PREFACE
The subject matter of this project report deals with the assessment of
the place of Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna in Nigeria’s socio-political history
between January 1966 – August 1967. This topic has agitated the mind of the
author for quite a long time. He was particularly motivated to undertake this
study after reading many books on Nigeria-Biafra Civil War. He observed with
interest the conflicting reports of these authors on the immediate and remote
causes of the civil war and the role of Major Ifeajuna in the coup of January
15th, 1966? He felt therefore that since the war was a major chapter
in the socio-political life of Nigeria, efforts should be made to assess the
role of Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna, one of the key players of the coup that
eventually led to the civil war.
The project is divided into eight chapters. Chapter one deals with the
Introduction which encompassed the abstract, the purpose/need for the study,
scope and limitation of the study and the methodology/sources/organisation of
the work. Chapter two deals with the literature review. The review of
literature for this study cuts across primary and secondary sources. Chapter
Three treats the background of the man, Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna, his origin,
his school days and his military orientation. Chapter Four delves into Major
Emmanuel Ifeajuna’s role in the January 15th 1966 coup and his
leadership role in the coup. Chapter Five discussed the failure of the five
majors in the coup attempt and Ifeajuna’s flight to Ghana. Chapter Six examines
the regime of Major General Aguiyi Ironsi and the events of the coup during
which he lost his life. Chapter Seven critically analyses Ifeajuna’s role in
the Biafra war, particularly in the Midwestern region. Chapter Eight concludes
the study.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 ABSTRACT
In his biography about Major Chukwuma Nzeogwu, Olusegun Obasanjo stated
that ‘biographies of men who have shaped the course of human history have been
written all over the world………….Attempts to re-examine the lives of those who
have
made contributions to this country may not only provide a better
insight, but offer possible solutions to our many difficulties……………..”It is in
this context that this study of Major
Emmanuel Ifeajuna’s role during the particularly sensitive period of
Nigeria’s political evolution has been undertaken.
This study is by no means a biography. Rather, it is a scholarly effort
to illuminate the misunderstood and maligned role of a man who shaped a cloudy
period of Nigeria’s history. The focus is a re-examination and analysis of who Emmanuel
Ifeajuna was, and what he did in relation to events in Nigeria between January,
1966 to August, 1967. A perusal of this study will hopefully contribute to the
expansion of the frontiers of knowledge about this seminal period in Nigeria’s
history. More importantly, the search for national cohesion and stability is an
on-going project which requires effective dependence on historical guidance.
And the understanding of the roles of the principal actors in the earth-shaking
dramas of Nigeria’s political history during the period under study, will in no
small measure contribute to the attainment of this objective.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF PROBLEM
Much has been written and said about the January 15th , 1966
coup and its aftermath. But it is that these accounts are not devoid of
exaggerations and misrepresentation. In some cases, these accounts are
inaccurate. Given the emotional and sensitive nature of such a development,
such stance is understandable. Be that as it may, there is a call occasioned by
social pressure to put the course of events in its right perception and fill
the lacuna in the knowledge of these events which still remain forty years
after these events. While this study makes no claims to being exhaustive, it
seeks to provide fuller and more accurate insight into the coup and its
aftermath by looking at the deeds of one of its major architects, Major
Emmanuel Ifeajuna.
Also, prejudice, misconceptions and outright ignorance characterize
knowledge among Nigerians and even foreigners about developments in Nigerias
and even foreigners about developments in Nigeria politics between the first
military coup and the civil war in the country. Indeed, the roles of leading
characters in this period of the country’s history have been suppressed,
misinterpreted and even in some cases, misrepresented for selfish political,
ethics and social goals. If the purpose of history is to till the truth, then
the frontiers of knowledge on these characters have to be widened, and
erstwhile misconceptions re-examined. Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna is one of such
character whose role in the period of Nigeria history under study needs to be
presented more realistically and dispassionately. It therefore becomes expedient
to expand the frontiers of knowledge on what Major Ifeajuna did, how he did it and why he did it in the course
of Nigeria’s political evolution between January 15, 1966 and August 1967. With
that, the role he played during that event in Nigeria’s history will be better
assessed and understood.
1.3 PURPOSE/NEED FOR THE STUDY
This study is not a biography of Emmanuel Ifeajuna. It is a scholarly
examination of the roles of this controversial man in the historic events
during the sensitive period of Nigeria’s history under study.
Using a plethora of historical sources and methodology the study aims at
providing a balanced understanding and predation of development between
Nigeria’s first military coup and the civil war. This is only possible if the
roles of leading participants and actors are brought to the fore. Emmanuel
Ifeajuna’s place cannot be ignored if this objective is to be fulfilled.
This study also seeks to contribute to the age old national discourse
for stability and political cohesion which Nigeria has been seeking since
independence. This has become necessary by looking at the roles of leading
characters who have radically altered the country’s socio-political landscape.
Hopefully, a historical study of their actions will contribute to this search
for peace and stability in the country.
Finally, this study aims at providing a historical account of what
really happened during the brief occupation of the former Mid-Western Region by
the Biafran forces during August 1967, and the implications for inter group
relations and stability in Nigeria.
1.4 SCOPE
AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study is subject to inherent limitations which are worth stating
and taking into consideration. The time frame is a decisive limiting factor. It
restricts the scope of the research to Major Ifeajuna’s role and events within
a definite period, January 15th 1966 to August 1967. The time frame,
therefore limits the account to the roles the subject had played in Nigeria’s
history during the period of study. It can be however, be argued that outside
his 1954 exploits at the British Empire (now Commonwealth) Games, Major
Emmanuel Ifeajuna most essentially captured the attention of Nigeria and the
world from the time the guns blasted Nigeria’s democracy to pieces on January
15th, 1966.
Another limitation to the study is that it does not provide a sufficient
basis for understanding the entire personality of the subject – Major Emmanuel
Ifeajuna. It is a study of the place and roles of Major Ifeajuna in relation to
a definite historical episode in Nigeria. Thus, the study may not help those
who are interested in unraveling in its entirety the personality of the
controversial historical character under focus in this work. The study draws attention
to aspects of the subject’s personality which help to analyse the trends of
Nigeria’s politics between January 1966 – August 1967.
The study’s focus on a single character in the earth-shaking historical
events of our study period gives the impression that a mono-casual factor in
history is given an undue emphasis. It is a fact that Ifeajuna was not the sole
character, or even the major causative factor of the coup of 1966 and the outbreak of the civil war in 1967. The searchlight
on Ifeajuna therefore goes to show and directs attention to the extent major
Ifeajuna shaped these events in which he eventually lost his life, and/or how
these events affected him.
1.5 METHODOLOGY
/SOURCES/ORGANIZATION OF THE WORK
This research makes use of a plethora of historical methodologies in the
bid to arrive at illuminating interpretations and conclusion.
First, the principal of content analysis is adopted. This involves a
rigorous examinations of the explicit and implicit contents of the sources
used. Although inferences and ‘educated guesses’ are not ignored, no attempt is
spared at drawing conclusions based on extent evidence.
Secondly, a cross fertilization and synthesis of sources is pertinent in
a study of this nature. The fundamental thesis can be summed up as the quest
for the truth about Emmanuel Ifeajuna’s place in the cloudy period of Nigeria’s
political history between January 1966 and August 1967. The antithesis is a
cross-examination of the dissenting positions on what Ifeajuna did, how and why
he did it in relation to the events of the period of study. The synthesis can
be defined as the conclusions drawn based on the available evidence.
The historical nature of this study necessities a narrative format which
is devoid of ideological or model-seeking paradigms. However, information and
interpretations from non-historical sources are adopted and subjected to
rigorous analyses.
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Item Type: Project Material | Size: 110 pages | Chapters: 1-5
Format: MS Word | Delivery: Within 30Mins.
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