ABSTRACT
The (PHCH) Power Holding
Company of Nigeria Plc, effort to provide us with a regular power supply has
not yet been achieved. And it is because of the search for another means of
power generation that necessitated the development of wind turbine.
The wind energy is abundant in
several parts. Among the numerous natural energy resources that Nigeria was
blessed with, wind is among the once in great quantity. Wind can be used in
conjunction with turbines to produce electricity in isolation to supply
numerous consumers. The PHCN can as well use it to serve its customer be it
commercial or residential load. It is because of this aggressive search that in
this paper I try to discuss various methods of converting wind energy to
electrical energy. The places it is obtainable and how it can be best used to
achieve maximum result in Nigeria.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Since ancient times, people have harnessed the winds and
energy. Over 5,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians used wind to sail ships on
the Nile River. Later, people built wind mills to grind wheat and other grains.
The earliest known wind mills were in Persia. These early wind mills looked
like large paddle wheels. Centuries later, the basic design of the wind mills
was improved. It was given a propeller type blade. The evolution has been slow
but continuous, with two major phases. The first in which wind energy was
directly use for mechanical work, as in windmills, sawmills, water lifting etc.
and a second phase in which mechanical energy was changed into electrical
energy.
Since their first
appearance, it have undergone many changes and improvements in their major
components. For instance, the major structure varied from wood frames to more
stable masonry works and subsequently to steel frames.
The interest here is on
manufacturing system of which my goal will be looking at wind as a means to
effective power generation and system integration given a complete program
activities addressing electric power market rules.
This wind in question has played a long and important role
in the history of human civilization and is the world fastest growing energy
technology, when flowing
wind is captured and is turned into electricity and this process is called
HYBRID WIND SYSTEM
OR WIND GENERATED POWER.
Wind powered
generation. Turbine and generator coverts the energy into electricity which can
be used in isolation or fed into the electrical grid to be used in homes,
farms, business and by industries.
1.1 BACKGROUND
OF STUDY
As the search for
energy is now probing the realm of the wind and the sun, human beings are sure
to get a lasting solution to electricity problem. In using energy to produce
mechanical work, humans, since the beginning of civilization, have focused
their attention on those forces found explicit in nature. Animal, hydraulic, and
wind energy did not require transformation into other energy types.
Instead, the use of such energy
type necessitated the invention of mechanisms whose complexity has constantly
increased with the progress of technology. In particular, since ancient times,
the kinetic energy of the wind has been used to propel ships and machines, such
as windmill that proceeded the industrial age. The wind power has been used for
the production of electricity itself, but in small scale. However, because of
world wide energy crisis, wind energy once again is being studied for large-scale
application, along with other sources
neglected. In the utilization of the wind or other natural energy forms, the
unlimited potentials of the source must be recognized in contraposition to the
limited supply of fossil fuel presently used.
Solar energy, which
generates the wind is considered unlimited. The relationship between the
dynamic force in the wind and solar radiation is direct. Another major
characteristic of wind energy is the absence of any form of pollution, either
in its direct utilization for the production of mechanical work or in its
transformation into electrical energy. Yet, despite such positive factors, wind
energy was neglected until a few years ago. An estimate 1% to
3% of energy from
the sun that hit the earth is converted into wind energy.
Most of this energy can be
found at high altitude where continuous wind speeds over 160km/h (100mph)
occur. This wind energy is converted through friction into diffuse heat
throughout the earth’s surface and the atmosphere.
The wind power estimated apply
to areas free to local obstruction to wind terrain features that are well
exposed to wind such as open plains, table/and hilltops, Exposed coastal areas
are also rice potentials for wind application.
Wind is simple air in motion. It is caused by uneven heating
of the earth’s surface by the sun. Since the earth’s surface is made of very
different types of land and water, it absorbs the sun’s heat at different
rates. During the day, the air above the land heats up more quickly than the
air over water. The warm air over the land expands and rises, and the heavier,
cooler air rushes in to take its place. Creating winds at night, the winds are
reversed because the air cools more rapidly over land than over water.
In the same way, the large
atmospheric winds that circle the earth are created because the land near the
earth’s equators is heated more by the sun than the land near the north and
South Pole.
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Item Type: Project Material | Size: 48 pages | Chapters: 1-5
Format: MS Word | Delivery: Within 30Mins.
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