ABSTRACT
This study
focuses on the human trafficking and Nigeria’s national security Trafficking in
Nigeria using Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State as a case study.
This study identifies the major causes of human Trafficking that stand as a
bottleneck in Nigeria. Questionnaire was administered to collect relevant data
which was analyzed, using the simple percentages method. It was discovered that
poor family background, poverty, large family size, rapid urbanization among
others are the major factor why many Nigerian children are vulnerable to
trafficking. Having identified the causes, recommendations were further made to
help in solving the problem. The researcher recommended among other things
that, further ratification of international legal instrument aimed at
protecting human rights and combating human trafficking should be made
necessary and also, effective implementation of all the ratified international
laws and regulations should be implemented.
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the
Study
Nigeria,
the most populous black nation in the world with an estimated population of
about 140 million people (2006, Census), is endowed with abundant human and
natural resources like oil, tin, limestone, zinc, natural gas, good vegetation
and climate which varies from being equatorial in the South, tropical in the
centre and arid in the north. This great country, 3rd world largest
producer of crude oil has about 5.3% annual growth rate but it is estimated
that 70% of Nigerians live in poverty (Tola, 2008).
The
above features are legacies of decades of prolonged military rules coupled with
mis-management and corruption, which have daily impoverished the people and
made them “beggers” of a sort amidst plenty. This act of misrule has increased
anti-social behaviour amongst the populace. Sadly, the quest for material
wealth at all cost has introduced a new dimension of wealth creation into the
psyche of Nigerians-which is child trafficking.
Human
Trafficking is the third largest criminal activity in the world after arms and
drug trafficking (Tola, 2008). In the last decade, the phenomenon of human
Trafficking has considerably increased throughout the world and most especially
in Nigeria. Every year, million of individuals, mostly children are misled by
decot or forced to submit to servitude. The UN convention Against Transnational
orgainsed crime (2000)
defined human Trafficking as follows;
“the
recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by
means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud,
deception, of abuse of power, giving or receiving of payments or benefits to
achieve the consent of a person having control over another person for the
purpose of
exploitation”
“exploitation
shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or
other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or
practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs”
ANPPCAN (2010) sees human Trafficking as the
recruitment, transportation, transfer, habouring or receipt of children by
means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud,
deception, abuse of power, a position of vulnerability or the giving or
receiving of payments, benefits to achieve the consent of a person having
control over the child for the pupose of exploitation.
Research evidence shows that children are
trafficked for the purpose of domestic services, prostitution and other forms
of exploitative labour (UNICEF, 2007). These has been a serious concern about
the cause of human Trafficking in Africa as a whole and Nigeria as a country in
particular. UNICEF (2007) has identified poverty, large family size, rapid
urbanization among others as the major factor why many Nigeria children are
vulnerable to trafficking.
Parents with large family are often prone to
those traffickers deceit in giving away some of their children to city
residents or even strangers promising a better life for them. Trafficking
deprives child victims the privilege to exercise their wide range of rights,
including the right to belong and identify, the right to freedom, education
among others. ANPPCAN(2010).
As a result of this, the study on the human
trafficking and nigeria’s national security trafficking in Nigeria is worth
pursuing. It is hoped that the findings of this study will provide meaningful
information as to the stoppage of the act in Nigeria and Africa as a whole.
1.2 Statement
of the Problem
Children
living in rural areas in Nigeria often lack access to quality education, good
health and other basic needs which make their parents to entrust them in the
hands of other family members who are financially upright to help them train
their children.
However, this custom has been abused by those
family members or relatives because of the exposure of these children to
hazardous work, prostitution and other forms of inhuman activities.
This act posses a serious challenges to the
growth of the Nigerian society, economically, socially and politically.
1.3 Purpose
of the Study
The purpose of this
study is:
a.
To ascertain why Nigerians engage in human Trafficking .
b.
To find out the links between trafficking in childrens and
the national security.
c.
To ascertain whether the victims of human Trafficking inEsan West knew the true nature of the jobs
they would go into before accepting the offer.
d.
To find out how informed, the inhabitants of Esan West, are
on human Trafficking .
e.
To proffer useful suggestions on possible ways of curbing the
problem of human Trafficking.
1.4 Research
Questions
a.
To ascertain why Nigerians engage in human Trafficking .
b.
What is the links between trafficking in childrens and the national
security.
c.
are the victims of human Trafficking inEsan West know the true nature of the jobs
they would go into before accepting the offer.
d.
how informed, the inhabitants of Esan West, are on human
Trafficking .
e.
What are the useful suggestions on possible ways of curbing
the problem of human Trafficking.
1.5 Significance
of the Study
This
study will be of great importance, as it will provide necessary information on
the human trafficking and nigeria’s national security in Nigeria. It will also
provide further research in combating trafficking in Nigeria. The study will
also be useful for further purposes and for further researches into human
Trafficking within and outside the country.
1.6 Scope of
the Study
The
study will be restricted to the causes and effects of human Trafficking in
Nigeria. Solution to the problems of human Trafficking will also be sought in
the cause of this research.
1.7 Limitation
of the Study
This
research focuses on the human trafficking and nigeria’s national security
trafficking in Nigeria but due to finance, time and other factors, the study
will be limited to Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State.
1.8 Operational
Definition of Terms
Child: Child in this study
means any person less than eighteen years of age
Trafficking: The recruitment,
transfer, harbouring, or receipt of a child for the purpose of exploitation.
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