KWATANCIN TAURARI WANIQIQI A TATSUNIYAR HAUSA DA FULATANCI

TSAKURE

Wannan binciken mai suna ‘Kwatancin Taurari Waniqiqi a Tatsuniyar Hausa da ta Fulatanci’, ya nazarci taurari waniqiqi ne, da kuma halayensu kamar yadda suke gudanar da harkokinsu da sauran taurarin waxanda ba su ba a tatsuniya. Binciken ya taiqaita ne a kan taurari waniqiqi a tatsuniyoyin Hausa da na Fulatanci. Taurari waniqiqi suma taurari ne, waxanda a kodayaushe suke taka wata muhimmiyar rawa a tatsuniyoyin Hausa da na Fulatanci, sannan kuma, tsananin wayon da yaudara shi ne siffofi ko halaye waxanda ake iya tantancensu da shi, alal misali a taurari waniqiqi a tatsuniyar Hausa akwai Gizo da Zomo da kuma Dila. Sannan, a tatsuniyar Fulatanci akwai Zomo da kuma Kurege. Binciken an karkasa shi babi-babi, tun daga babi na xaya har zuwa babi na biyar. Babi na farko ya qunshi dukkan ginshiqan da aka gina aikin a kansu ne, waxanda suka haxa da dalilan bincike da manufar bincike da muhimmancin bincike da farfajiyar bincike da hasashen bincike da hanyoyin bincike, sannan aka yi bayanin ra’in binciken. A yayin da babi na biyu, ya waiwayi ayyukan da suka gabata ne, masu alaqa da wannan bincike. Babi na uku kuwa, ya nazarci taurari waniqiqi ne da halayyansu a tatsuniya, wato irin rawar da suke takawa a tatsuniyoyin harsunan da ake wannan nazari a cikin su. Sai kuma a babi na huxu a inda aka kwatanta taurari waniqiqi da kuma xabi’unsu kamar yadda suke fitowa a tatsuniyoyin Hausa da na Fulatanci. Amma a babi na biyar, a nan aka naxe aikin gaba xayansa, inda aka sami taqaitawa da kammalawa a inda a nan aka fito da sakamakon binciken, wato bayani a kan taurari waniqiqi da kuma yadda wasu daga cikin halaye ko xabi’unsu suke a tatsuniyoyin Hausa da na Fulatanci. Binciken ya fahimci cewa taurari waniqiqi suna da wasu halaye ko xabi’u masu sarqaqiya kuma waxannan xabi’u su ne suke aiwatarwa a lokacin da suke da wata buqata a tatsuniyoyi. Sannan kuma, binciken ya fahimci cewa a yayin da taurari waniqiqi a tatsuniyoyin Hausa suke da wayo, haka ma ake samun su da wayo a tatsuniyoyin Fulatanci, haka kuma, Gizo yana taka muhimmiyar rawa ta hanyar yaudara a tatsuniyoyin Hausa, kuma shi qirqirarren tauraro waniqiqi ne, da ba a samun irin sa a tatsuniyoyin Fulatanci. Shi ko Kurege yana daga cikin mayan taurari waniqiqi a tatsuniyoyin Fulatanci wanda ba ya fitowa a matsayin tauraro waniqiqi a tatsuniyoyi Hausa.

ABSTRACT

This research entitled ‘Comparison of Tricksters in Hausa and Fula Folktales’ (Kwatancin Taurari Waniqiqi a Tatsuniyar Hausa da ta Fulatanci) examines the tricksters and their behaviours, while mingling with other characters in the tales. The research is limited to tricksters in Hausa and Fula folktales. Tricksters are characters who usually play vital roles in both Hausa and Fula Folktales. They are known for their cunning and deceptive behaviour, for example, the Hausa folktale have Gizo, Zomo and Dila. Also in Fula folktale there are Zomo and Kurege. The research is divided into five chapters. Chapter one is the introductory part of the research which comprises aims, significance, limitations, hypothesis, research methodology and theoretical framework. Chapter two is the review of the related literature, while chapter three analyses the tricksters and their behaviours in relation to their various cultures. Chapter four is the comparison between tricksters in Hausa and Fula folktales. Chapter five summarises the entire work and concluded by explaining the findings on Hausa and Fula tricksters. The research has observed that tricksters have complicated behaviours and these behaviours are being portrayed through their actions in the tales. The research has also found that the tricksters share almost same tricky behaviour in Hausa and Fula folktales. However, whereas Gizo plays a vital role in the area of deception in Hausa folktales, such character is not available in the Fula tale. On the other hand, Kurege (Squirrel) is one of the major character in the Fula tale, but does not manifest in the Hausa folktale.

Babi Na Xaya: Shimfixa

1.0       Gabatarwa

A wajen masu nazarin kimiyyar harshe, sifa kalma ce ta nahawu da ke qarin bayani a kan suna, duk idan kalmar sifa ta zo, a yankin suna, za a ga tana fito da yadda zahirin suna yake, kamar yadda ake samun kalmar ‘wayo’ da kalmar ‘waniqiqi’. Wayo kalma ce ta suna, a yayin da waniqiqi kalma ce ta sifa, ana haxa kalmomin a matsayin yakin suna, inda ya qunshi suna da manunin nasaba da kuma sifa ‘wayon waniqiqi’, kalmar waniqiqi qarin bayani take yi a kan wayo. Abin nufi shi ne, idan wayo ya kai matuqa sai a kira shi da wayon waniqiqi, kamar yadda masu hikimar magana kan ce, “wayon waniqiqi, wayon riqe mini xana in daki naka” ko “wayon waniqiqi, toshi da kare ranar salla”.

A cikin taurarin tatsuniya akwai wasu taurari masu tsananin wayo fiye da wasu taurarin. Ire-iren waxannan taurarin su ake kira da taurari waniqiqi. Taurari waniqiqi a zahiri da kuma sifarsu masu rauni ne, musamman idan aka dubi sauran taurarin da ba su ba a tatsuniya, amma duk da rauninsu, ba kasafai wani abu na cutarwa kan faru, ya rutsa da su a cikin tatsuniya ba, sannan kuma sukan sami nasara a kan sauran taurari a tatsuniya. Taurari waniqiqi, akan same su da wasu xabi’u ko halaye masu sava wa juna, wato wani lokaci a same su masu kirki, a wani lokaci kuma marasa kirki, ko kuma a wajen nuna wayonsu, sai a sami akasin wayon, sannan akan same su da nau’i na ha’inci ko yaudara ko kwaxayi ko dai wasu halaye daban masu cin karo da juna a cikin tatsuniya.

Haka kuma, taurari waniqiqi a tatsuniya sukan zama kanwa uwar gami, domin duk wani abu da zai faru a tatsuniya su ke haddasa shi, wato babu wani abu na qiqi-qaqa da ke faruwa, ba daga gare su yake ba, walau na kirki, walau na tsiya. Sannan kuma, duk yadda tsanani ya kai ga tsanani a tatsuniya sukan sami mafita ta hanyar dabara ko yaudara.

Idan an fahimci irin gudummuwar da taurari waniqiqi suke bayarwa, wajen gina tatsuniya, za a ga ba qaramar rawa suke takawa ba. Domin rawar da suke takawa kusan ita ke mamaye xaukacin tatsuniyar. Amma sauran taurari a tatsuniya da ba taurari waniqiqi ba, ba su cika zama muhimmai ba, ko kuma ma a iya cewa suna rufa wa taurari waniqiqi baya ne don samun kaiwa ga nasara a labari.

Don haka, wannan binciken da aka aiwatar, kwatanci ne na taurari waniqiqi a tatsuniyar Hausa da ta Fulatanci.

Kamar yadda bincike ya nuna, waxannan harsuna sun taso ne daga harsuna na Yammacin Afirka, amma kuma kowanne da yankin da ya fito kamar yadda abin yake Hausa ta fito ne daga iyalin Chadi a vangaren Afro-Asiatic, Fulatanci kuwa ya fito ne daga yankin Atlantic a vangaren Niger-Kordofanian.

Da wannan xan taqaitaccen bayani za a fahimci cewa, waxannan harsuna ne daban-daban don alaqar da take a tsakaninsu ba alaqa ce ta kai tsaye ba, wato su ba harsuna guda ba ne. Duk da cewa a vangaren zamantakewa maqwabta ne. Saboda haka, za a iya samun bambance-bambancen da ba a rasa ba ta wajen harshensu ko kuma al’adunsu.

1.1       Dalilan Bincike

Tabbas, babu yadda za a qudiri aniyar aiwatar da wani abu ba tare da da dalili ba, saboda haka, wannan aikin ma yana da dalilan da suka haifar da yin sa, kamar haka:

Bincike a vangaren tatsuniya a halin yanzu a wannan yankin, sai dai a yi san-barka domin an sami rubuce-rubuce da dama da malamai masana da manazarta suka gabatar, kama tun daga abin da ya shafi nazari a kan zubi ko tsari ko jigo ko taurari da makamantansu. Amma, ba a sami wanda ya yi nazarin taurari waniqiqi a tatsuniya ba, don haka, ya sa aka yi wannan binciken.

Idan kuwa aka dubi nazarce-nazarcen da aka yi a game da tatsuniyoyin Fulatanci, za a ga ba a yi wani abin zo a gani ba, ko ma a iya cewa an sami qarancin aikace-aikace, wannan ma na daga cikin dalilan da ya sa aka yi wannan binciken a Hausa da Fulatanci.

Idan aka yi la’akari da ci gaban da duniya take ciki a halin yanzu, a vangaren ilimi, gudanar da bincike a kan abin da ya shafi kwatancin wani abin da duniya take alfahari da shi ne. Don haka ya sa aka xauko wasu harsuna guda biyu aka gwama su aka yi wannan binciken a cikinsu.

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Item Type: Project Material  |  Size: 120 pages  |  Chapters: 1-5

Format: MS Word  |  Delivery: Within 30Mins.

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