THE NATURE AND MANAGEMENT OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDPs) IN NORTHERN NIGERIA, FROM 2012-2015

ABSTRACT

This dissertation set to find out the Nature and Management of Internally Displaced Persons from 2012 to 2015, taking northern Nigeria as a case study. Chapter one contains the background to the study as an introductory part, statement of the problem, research questions, aims and objectives of the study, scopes and limitations of the study, and literature review, theoretical framework, assumption of the study, and definition and operationalization of concepts and chapterization. Chapter two explains the background of insurgency, consequences of insurgency and table of selected incidents of Boko Haram attacks in Northern Nigeria. Chapter three also examine the background of Internally Displace Persons, causes of internal displacement of persons, the nature of internal displacement of persons in Northern Nigeria and figure of IDPs identified in Northern Nigeria, the management of internally displaced persons in Northern Nigeria, national response to IDPs situation and international response. Chapter four covers the summary, conclusion and recommendations.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title

Acronyms

Abstract

Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0       Background of the study

1.1       Statement of the problems

1.2       Research Questions

1.3       Aim and Objectives of the study

1.4       Significance of the study

1.5       Literature review

1.6       Theoretical framework

1.7       Assumptions of the study

1.8       Methodology

1.9       Scopes and Limitations of the study

1.10     Definition and Operationalization of concepts

1.11     Chapterization

CHAPTER TWO

BACKGROUND OF INSURGENCY

2.1       Historical Background of Insurgency in Nigeria

2.2       Causes of Boko Haram insurgency in Northern Nigeria

2.3       Consequences of the Boko Haram insurgency

2.4       Selected incidents of Boko Haram insurgents Attacks 2012 to 2015

CHAPTER THREE

THE NATURE AND MANAGEMENT OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDPs)

IN NORTHERN NIGERIA FROM 2012 TO 2015

3.1       Introduction

3.2       Background to the emergence of internally Displaced Persons

3.3       The Nature of Internal Displacement of Persons In Northern Nigeria from 2012 to 2015

3.4       Causes of Internal Displacement of Persons in Northern Nigeria

3.5.      Figures of IDPs identified in Northern Nigeria

3.6       Current location of Internally Displaced Persons Identified in Northern Nigeria

3.7       Demographical data of Internally Displaced Persons in Northern Nigeria

3.8       Reasons for the displacement of identified IDPS in northern Nigeria

3.9       IDPs and their year of displacement

3.10     State of origin of IDPs in the North Eastern Nigeria

3.11     Current location and number of IDPs in

            Sites of Internally Displaced Persons in the North Eastern Nigeria

3.12     Number of IDPs and camps in Borno state

3.13     Number of IDPs and camps in Adamawa state

3.14     IDPs demographic and vulnerabilities in Northern Nigeria

3.15     Camps Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM)

3.16     Internally Displaced Persons Camps Coordination

3.17     IDPs camps and sectors analysis

3.18     Challenges face by IDPs

3.19     The management of IDPs in different sectors

3.20     National response over IDPs situation

3.21     Non-Governmental Organization efforts

3.22     International response over IDPs situation

CHAPTER FOUR

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1       Summary

4.2       Conclusion

4.3       Recommendations

            Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0         BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Nigeria is a West African country with a population of over one hundred million people, a former British dependency. The country is bordered in the north by Niger, north-east by Chad, to the east by Cameroon, to the south by the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean) and to the south west by Benin republic. The Niger and Benue rivers which join at Lokoja divided the country into three segments that approximated Nigeria’s political divisions up to 1963 i.e. Northern, Western and eastern regions. Though home to hundreds of other ethnic groups (Each having its own language, customs, religion and traditional political system) these regions were respectively dominated by the Hausa-Fulani, Yoruba and Igbo ethnic groups.

To be sure, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa, but for its abundant natural resources, petroleum, fertile soil etc, and the country’s population would have been a terrible liability, eroding standard of living and tasking deviously the limited infrastructure and social amenities. Oil discovered in the southern part of the country since 1956, has indeed become the most important factor in the economy, accounting for about 90 percent of the country’s annual gross domestic product (GDP) Fage and Alabi, (2003:1-2).

Nigeria was amalgamated in 1914, only about a decade after the defeat of the Sokoto Caliphate in 1903 and other Islamic states by the British which were to constitute much of Northern Nigeria. The after math of the First World War saw Germany lose its colonies, one of which was Cameroon, to French, Belgian and British mandates. Cameroon was divided in French and British parts, the latter of which was further subdivided into Southern and Northern parts. Following a plebiscite in 1961, the Southern Cameroon elected to region French Cameroon, while the Northern Cameroon opted to join Nigeria, a more which added to Nigeria’s already large northern population. The territory comprises much of what is now northeastern Nigeria, and a large part of the areas affected by the insurgency.

According to a Nigeria study on demographics and religion, Muslims make up 50.5 percent of the population. Muslims mainly live in the north of the country; the majority of the Nigerian Muslims are Sunnis. Christians are the second-largest religious group and make up 48.7 percent of the population. They predominate in the central and southern part of the country (Wikipedia, 2015).

Boko Haram conducted its operations more or less peaceful during the first seven years of its existence. That changed in 2009 when the Nigerian government launched an investigation into the group activities following reports that its members were arming themselves. Prior to that, the government reportedly repeatedly ignored warning about the increasingly militant character of the organization, including that of a military officer.

When the government came into action, several members of the group were arrested in Bauchi, speaking deadly clashes with Nigerian security forces which led to the deaths of an estimated 700 people. During the fighting with the security forces Boko Haram fighters reportedly “use fuel-laden motorcycles” and “bows with poison arrows” to attack a police station. The group’s founder and then leader Mohammed Yusuf was also killed during this time while still in police custody. After Yusuf’s killing, Abubakar Shekau became the leader and still holds the position as of 2015 (Wikipedia, 2015). In light of the above, this study seeks to examine The Nature and Management of Internally Displaced Persons in northern Nigeria from 2012 to 2015....

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