TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Approval
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Abstract
Table Of Contents
List Of Figures
List Of Tables
List Of Symbols And Abbreviation
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction
1.0. Background of the Study
1.1. Statement of the Problem
1.2. Objectives of the Study
1.3. Scope of the Study
1.4. Significance of the Study
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review
2.1 General overview of local liquid dielectric concepts
2.1.1 History of Ester Fluids as Dielectric Coolants
2.2 Basic concept of power transformer insulation level
2.2.1Transformer insulation
2.2.2 Ageing of oil
2.2.2.1. The Bathtub Curve Relationship
2.2.2.2 The accelerated thermal ageing process
2.2.3Dielectric testing (break down voltage)
2.3.4 Properties of liquid dielectric
2.3 Locally available oil base for liquid dielectric production
2.3.1. List of available local liquid
2.3.2. Comparative analysis of the existing conventional liquid and the proposed Liquid dielectric on power transformer insulation
2.3.3 Properties of vegetable oil
2.4 Antioxidants for Soy Beans Oil
2.4.1The Nature and Mechanisms of the Operation of Antioxidant
2.4.2Oxidation in lubricant base oil
2.4.3Measuring oxidation in lubricant base oils
2.5.4Oxidation stability index of vegetable oil
CHAPTER THREE: Methodology Of Experiment Design
3.1. Inhabitation of the Soybean Oil: Material and Method
3.2. ACID VALUE (MgKOH/g)
3.3. VISCOSITY
3.4. Flash and Fire Point
3.5. Pour Points Tests
3.6. Subjecting the oil to Accelerated Ageing
3.7. Measurement of the Oil Breakdown Voltage
3.7.1. Breakdown Voltage Detection
3.7.2. Electrode Gap Setting
3.7.3. Breakdown Voltage Test
3.7.4. Assessing Validity of the Test Result
3.8. Measurement of the Oil Sample Dielectric Losses (tan )
3.9. Measurement of the Oil Sample Permittivity
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0. Result Data and Analysis
4.1. Result Data on the Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soybean Oil
4.2.2. Dielectric Dissipation Factor (Tan)
CHAPTER FIVE: Conclusions And Recommendations
5.1. Conclusions
5.2. Recommendations
5.3. Suggestion for Further Studies
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
ABSTRACT
This work investigates and evaluates local liquid dielectric for insulation of power transformers. Considering the importance of transformer insulation the investigation is borne out of the need to develop the capacity for local production of transformer dielectric. Natural esters of vegetables origin have been found to have the suitable dielectric properties for them to be used as replacement dielectric fluids for mineral oil. However vegetable oil has poor resistance to oxidation, hence the need for inhibiting the vegetable oil for use as insulation fluid. In this work inhibited locally extracted soybean oil (soybean oil treated with antioxidant) is subjected to accelerated ageing in order to determine its suitability as dielectric fluid. The properties of the soybean oil is investigated against standard and compared with those of mineral oil. The
investigated soybean meets acceptability specifications since the measured flash point is 2570C,
the pour point is -150C, the acidity is low at 0.0027mgkoH/mg, its dissipation factor after ageing
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0. Background of the Study
Electrical faults that occur in power transfers accounts for over fifty percent of transformer failure’s expenditures . Fifty percent of transformer failure’s expenditure is caused by insulation, dielectric, and oil-related faults [1]. The need for better dielectrics and transformer oils for insulation is unequivocal. In a liquid-filter transformer, the insulator liquid plays an important function by providing both the electrical insulation and the means of transforming the thermal losses to the cooling system. Insulating oil in a transformer must ensure the transfer of heat. This function is realized both by thermal conductivity and convection [2].
Nowadays, transformers can be filled with three basic types of insulating liquids: (i) mineral oils, (ii) synthetic oils or (iii) natural esters [3]. The use of each type is fortified by the application. However, in the face of increasing demand for the use of environmentally friendly products in the industry, more and more companies are working towards developing the use of esters and specifically natural esters for use in the majority of their products.
Transformers have been filled with mineral oil for more than one century. This type of oil is a petroleum based product, essentially composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms. Carbon and hydrogen are assembled in different structures: napthenic (CnH2n), paraffinic (CnH2n+2) and
aromatic (CnH2n-6)[3]. The distribution of carbons in napthenic and paraffinic structures define
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