DESIGN OF TWO-FACTOR AUTHENTICATION (PIN AND SMS PASSWORD) FOR AN AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE (ATM)

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page

Approval page

Certification

Declaration

Dedication

Acknowledgements

Abstract

Table of Content

List of Figures

List of Tables

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the study

1.2       Statement of the Problem

1.3       Objectives

1.4       Scope of Study

1.5       Significance of Study

1.6       Proposed Methodology

1.7       Organization of Thesis

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1       Review of the Related Works

2.2       Review of the Technologies involved in the proposed Design

2.2.1 Authentication Mechanisms used in electronic banking

2.2.2 The ATM System Technology

2.2.2.1 The ATM Hardware

2.2.2.2 The ATM Software

2.2.3 Short Message Service (SMS)

2.2.3.1 Bulk SMS Service

2.2.4 Mechanism employed in this work for sending the One Time Password (OTP)

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Methods Adopted for this Work

3.1.1 Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD)

3.1.1.1 The Waterfall Model Software Development Life Cycle

3.1.2 Modelling and Simulation

CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

4.1 System Specification

4.1.1 Requirements Definition

4.1.2 UML Modelling of the System

4.1.3 Main Menu Specification

4.1.4 Input Specification

4.1.5 Output Specification

4.1.6 Database Specification

4.1.7 Hardware and Software Requirements

4.2       System Design

4.2.1 Main Menu Design

4.2.2 Input Design

4.2.3    Output Design

4.2.4    Database Design

CHAPTER FIVE: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION, TESTING AND SIMULATION

5.1       System Implementation

5.1.1    Main Menu Implementation

5.1.2    Input Implementation

5.1.3    Output Implementation

5.1.4    Choice of Programming Language

5.2       System Integration

5.3       System Testing

5.3.1    Cash Withdrawal Testing

5.3.2:   Change Security PIN Testing

5.3.3    Balance Inquiry Testing

5.4       Debugging

CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSION

6.1       Summary

6.2       Contribution of the proposed model to the Body of Knowledge

6.3       Recommendations

References

ABSTRACT

Most ATMs employ one means of authentication (single factor authentication) by using the PIN. These kinds of ATMs are vulnerable to ATM frauds like Card Skimming: where a device placed at the slot for the ATM Card copies all the information stored in ATM cards including the PINs and then copies of the original cards will be made, afterwards money will be stolen from the accounts concerned. This work presents the design of ATM software that employs a two factor authentication method that utilises the PIN and a One Time Password (OTP) which will be sent to the client’s mobile phone through SMS. This process will be initiated by the ATM as soon as the user slots his ATM card and the system accepts it. By employing this technology, a fraudster who has access to someone’s ATM Card and PIN will still not gain access to their bank account if he has no access to the SMS containing the One Time Password. This work employed Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) as its methodology and this includes the use of the Unified Modelling Language (UML). In order to realise the system using the OOAD approach, C#, an oriented programming language was used. The result obtained at the end of this project is the prototype of ATM software that employs two factor authentication. Finally, the performance of the system while it was being tested shows that the objective of providing additional security using two factor authentication was achieved to a large extent.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the Study

Brief History of the ATM

The concept of self-service in retail banking has evolved through various stages. These stages include cash machines developed in the early 1960s through independent and simultaneous efforts of engineers in Britain, Sweden and Japan. The first of such commercial cash machines was put into use in the UK on the 27^th of June 1967 by the Barclays Bank. These and other developments (which were championed by efforts in Asia, Europe and America) gave rise to the automated (automatic) teller machine (ATM). The first modern ATM came into use in December 1972 and was designed by IBM for Lloyd Banks. The machine was called the IBM 2984 and popularly known as the CIT: Cash Issuing Terminal. The CIT was considered the first true cash point and is similar to what we have nowadays [1].

The ATM is a networked computer terminal that provides Bank clients with access to financial transactions from a public space without the need for one to visit the bank branch. Figure 1.1 shows a classical ATM Machine and figure 1.2 shows the schematic diagram for the ATM. The ATM is considered a networked computer terminal because it is basically a computer that must be connected to a bank server or/and network of computers such as the internet in order to achieve its purpose (see fig. 2.1). Using the ATM, customers can access their bank accounts in order to make cash withdrawals or check their account balances as well as paying their bills...

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