ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of out-door laboratory method on students’ achievement and retention in Agricultural science. To guide this study, four research questions were posed and four hypotheses was formulated. The control and Experimental groups answered a set of fourty questions from Agricultural science Achievement test (ASAT). Intact classes made up of males and females were used .Literature review was organized under the following subheadings: conceptual framework, theoretical framework, review of empirical studies and summary of literature review. Multistage sampling technique was used for sampling. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer research question and hypotheses formulated was analyzed using ANCOVA at 0.05 level of significance. The major findings of the study are as follows: Out-door laboratory method significantly affect students achievement in Agricultural Science contents of senior secondary school. Male students achieved better result than their female counterparts when exposed to out-door laboratory method. There is no significant interaction effect of out-door laboratory method and gender on students’ achievement and retention in Agricultural science achievement test. Based on the recommendations: Much emphasis should be placed on the use of appropriate method of teaching. Workshop and seminars are to be organized for teachers of Agricultural science on the need to use appropriate instructional resource materials and appropriate method of teaching of both males and females.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Abstract
Table of contents
List of table
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Statement of the problem
Purpose of the study
Significance of the Study
Scope of the study
Research Questions
Research Hypotheses
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Conceptual framework
Out-door laboratory
Agriculture
Methods of teaching agricultural science in secondary school
Retention
Academic achievement of students
Gender
Theoretical framework
Piaget’s theory of learning
Brunner’s cognitive view of discovery learning
Review of Related Empirical Studies
Studies on gender as a factor in academic achievement and retention in science
Studies on teaching methods
Summary of literature review
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD
Design of the Study
Area of the Study
Population of the study
Sample and sampling Technique
Instrument for Data Collection
Validation of Instrument
Reliability of Instrument
Training of the Agricultural science teachers as research assistants for the study
Experimental Procedures
Control of extraneous variables
Methods of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION OF RESULTS, EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATION SUMMARY
Discussion
Educational implications
Limitations of the study
Suggestion for further studies
Recommendation
Summary
REFERENCES
Appendices
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Science and technology are important tools for development and productivity in any nation. Science is a necessity for every nation that wants to maintain its independence, sovereignty, self-reliance, ensure growth and have its head held high among civilized nations. This is because science and technology provide the basic tools for industrialization and economic development in the areas of communication, transport, energy, information, pollution and waste control, among others. In Nigeria, the study of science is of great importance that a lot of emphasis has been laid on the teaching and learning of science as contained in the National Policy on Education, being to equip the students to live effectively in this modern age (Federal Ministry of Education, 2004). This can be achieved by the inculcation of the necessary scientific skills and attitudes in learners.
The inculcation of scientific skills and attitudes in students can only be achieved through the proper teaching of the various science subjects such as Biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, health science, agricultural science among others. Agriculture as one of the science subjects has been endorsed as a core subject by the National policy on Education (NPE, 2004). Agriculture embraces the basic knowledge of farming or husbandry that is the cultivation of land, rearing of animals which is normally taught at junior secondary level. The
According to Anyanwu (2003), Agricultural science is a practical subject and the best way of helping students to learn agriculture is to bring them face to face with the world which education intends to introduce to them. Emedo (2003) defined agricultural science as the art and science of production of plants and animals that are useful to man. Agricultural Science as a subject help students to acquire knowledge to live effectively in our modern age of science and technology. At the policy level, common goals of agriculture include:-conservation, economic stability, environmental stability, food quality, food safety, food security, poverty reduction among others.
Furthermore, the overall purpose of the Agricultural science senior secondary school curriculum, Nigerian educational research and development council (NERDC, 2008) is to provide students with sufficient knowledge and skills to both explore their talents and rich agricultural resources of Nigeria environment.
Specifically, the objectives of senior secondary Agricultural Education should be to:
a. Stimulate and sustain students interest in Agriculture
b. Impact functional knowledge and practical skills in Agriculture to students c. Prepare students for further studies in Agriculture d. Prepare students for occupation in Agriculture
Agricultural science as a secondary school subject is meant to give the students fundamental knowledge of Agricultural practices. It is a foundation on which the future of food production and Agricultural economy is built.
Agricultural science curriculum at the secondary level is meant to provide high school graduates armed with the knowledge and competencies for tertiary education in a bid to make career in agriculture. The curriculum provides for such practically oriented areas like nursery establishment, crop production and farm survey, vegetable production, fruit production, livestock production (goat, sheep, cattle, rabbits, pigs and poultry).
Poultry refers to group of domesticated birds reared for food and other purposes. Poultry has the capacity to convert vegetable fed into animal protein. It is estimated that in terms of food conversion, poultry eggs rank with cow’s milk in being the most economically produced animal protein and that poultry flesh ranks above that of other domestic animals in this respect. Poultry has so many advantages over the other domesticated animals whose production is very much hindered by lack of money, high temperature, disease and lack of food at certain periods of the year. Therefore, it becomes necessary to pay attention to the Poultry industry through better management which involves: the use of high producing....
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