ABSTRACT
Thermal properties refer to characteristics of a material defining the substance and related to temperature dependent. The most important thing in building design is the protection of people who live and work within the environment. The research work identified some common roofing materials used for building design in Nigeria.. The samples include aluminium (coated), Zinc and stone coated. The investigation was done using Ohm‟s law and Frankz Weidman principle. The thermal properties investigated were thermal conductivity, thermal absorptivity, thermal diffusivity, thermal resistivity and specific heat capacity. with the view of establishing their suitability as roofing materials in building design in Nigeria based on climate and weather condition of particular location. the results show that zinc has the highest thermal conductivity, thermal absorptivity, and specific heat capacity and also the lowest thermal diffusivity and thermal resistivity while stone coated material has the least thermal conductivity, absorptivity, and specific heat capacity and also the highest rate of thermal diffusivity, and thermal resistivity Aluminum coated is within the range of both sample, with thermal conductivity, thermal absorptivity, thermal diffusivity, thermal resistivity and specific heat capacity. Thus stone coated material may be recommended for roofing of building where the temperature is high and zinc may be recommended for roofing of buildings where temperature is low. For normal temperature range, Aluminium material may be recommended.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the study
1.2 Aim and objectives
1.3 Significance of the study
1.4 Scope and limitation of the study
1.5 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1. Thermal Properties of Roofing Material
2.2. Thermal Conductivity
2.3. Method of Measuring Thermal Conductivity
2.3.1 Steady‐State Method
2.3.2 Axial Flow Methods
2.3.3 Guarded Hot Pla.. bte Method
2.3.4 Direct Heating Method
2.3.5 Comparative Method
2.3.6 Heat‐Flow Meters Method
2.3.7 System Design Method
2.3.8 Advantages of the Steady‐State Methods to Other Methods
2.3.9 Disadvantages of the Steady‐State Methods to Other Methods
2.3.10 Determination of Thermal Conductivity in Steady State
2.3.11 Non steady state or Transient Method
2.3.12 Laser Flash Method
2.3.13 Hot‐Disk Method
2.4 Thermal Resistivity (R)
2.5 Thermal Conductance(C)
2.6 Thermal Diffusivity
2.7 Thermal Absorptivity
2.8 Specific Heat Capacity
2.9 Relationship between Thermal Conductivity Thermal Diffusivity, Density and Specific Heat Capacity
2.10 Heat Transfer
2.10.1 Conduction
2.10.2 Convection
2.10.3 Radiation
2.11 Heat Transfer through A Roof
2.12 Thermal Radiation
2.13 Solar Radiation
2.14 Solar Absorption
2.15 Roof Colour
2.16 Review of Previous Work
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Materials
3.2 Sample preparation
3.3 Methods
3.4 Circuit Diagram
3.5 Experimental Procedure for Electrical Conductivity
3.6 Experimental Procedure for Specific Heat Capacity
3.7 Experimental Procedure for Density
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Result of sample dimensions and mass measurement
4.2 Computation of Cross Sectional Area of the Sample
4.3 Density of Each Sample
4.4 Experimental Results of Resistance, Electrical Resistivity and Electrical Conductivity
4.5 Results of thermal properties of the sample
4.6 Graphical Analysis of Result
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
References
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Provision of housing among other social amenities occupies a strategic position in most development plans for developing Nations such as Nigeria (Chukwucha, and Owate, 2002). One of the fundamental requirements of buildings is the protection of the people who live and work within them from hash weather. Thus, objective of environmental building design is the creation of a comfortable yet efficient internal environment (Camilleri, 2000).
The design of the building envelope is crucial towards attaining an optimal configuration, which responds effectively to environmental changes in order to reduce their impact. The understanding of energy related characteristics and the evaluation of the relevant properties of the building envelope is an integral part of every environmental assessment. Solar energy affects significantly, the interior environment and the energy requirements of buildings. (Lattimer & Ouelletes 2006).
However, one way to reduce the heat flux is the use of radiant barriers which reduce the heat flux through radiation. Most building materials particularly, roofing materials are good conductor of heat. Materials like metal and tile are commonly used in the form of sheet metal for roofing in building construction.
The knowledge of thermal properties of different roofing material is very important in the choice of the type of material to be used in the construction of a self- cooling or passively cooled building design. (Etuk, et al., 2008 & Michael, et al., 2008)
However, roofing systems used in the formal and residential sector are predominantly timber or metal truss systems with tile or profiled steel roofing, generally these roofing systems will be
Therefore, thermal insulation is applied above the ceiling to achieve the thermal resistance requirements. The requisite thermal resistance can be achieved by adding additional layers of fibrous loft insulation or with reflective foil layers to create air-spaces or by making use of thermally insulating board products.(Safintra roofing and steel South Africa, 2016).
In the recent observation, it has shown that roofing materials used in building design doesn‟t take sufficient account of climate and environmental factors in the design, most especially with the regards to the choice of roofing materials to be used. These situations would increase the energy consumption for heating and cooling in buildings and affects comfort, health and efficiency. Therefore, it is important to carry out adequate research on thermal properties of these roofing materials.
1.2 Aim and Objectives
The aim of this research is to measure and compare the thermal properties of some common roofing
materials in building design in Nigeria.
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